Adenine (Vitamin B4)
Vitamins
Nutritional Enhancers
73-24-5
C₅H₅N₅
$20.84 ~ $31.26
Food
Free sample from 100g(NF)
One unit of:25kg/barrel
One unit of:25kg/barrel
25kg/barrel
Product Info
What is Adenine (Vitamin B4)?
Adenine, historically referred to as Vitamin B4, is an essential nucleobase for all life, primarily used in research and pharmaceutical synthesis due to its role in DNA, RNA, and ATP.
How is Adenine (Vitamin B4) made?
| Step No. | Production Stage | Key Action | Control Point & Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Raw Material Preparation | Accurately weigh and charge key reactants, such as malononitrile, triethyl orthoformate, and ammonia, into a reaction vessel. | Control Point: Verify the purity and identity of all incoming materials against specifications. Note: Precise molar ratios are critical for maximizing yield and minimizing impurities. |
| 2 | Pyrimidine Ring Formation | Conduct the initial condensation and cyclization reaction under controlled conditions to form a pyrimidine intermediate. | Control Point: Maintain strict control over reaction temperature and time. Note: Monitor reaction progress via in-process checks (e.g., HPLC, TLC) to confirm completion of this stage. |
| 3 | Imidazole Ring Formation (Final Cyclization) | React the pyrimidine intermediate with an excess of a formylating agent like formamide or formic acid at an elevated temperature to form crude adenine. | Control Point: Precise temperature management is vital to drive the reaction to completion while preventing thermal decomposition. Note: This high-temperature step is crucial for forming the final purine structure. |
| 4 | Crude Product Isolation | Cool the reaction mixture to precipitate the crude adenine. Filter the solid product and wash it with a suitable solvent (e.g., cold water, ethanol). | Control Point: The cooling rate and final temperature directly impact crystal size and yield. Note: Thorough washing is necessary to remove residual reactants and soluble byproducts. |
| 5 | Purification | Purify the crude adenine via recrystallization, typically by dissolving it in hot water and allowing it to cool slowly. Activated carbon may be used for decolorization. | Control Point: Purity must meet the required specification (e.g., >99.0%), as verified by HPLC. Note: Multiple recrystallization cycles may be needed to remove stubborn impurities. |
| 6 | Drying | Dry the purified wet crystals in a vacuum oven at a controlled temperature until the residual solvent content is below the specified limit. | Control Point: The final moisture content (e.g., via Karl Fischer titration) must be within specification (e.g., <0.5%). Note: Drying under vacuum at a moderate temperature prevents product degradation. |
| 7 | Milling & Sieving | Mill the dried adenine crystals to a uniform powder. Sieve the powder through a specific mesh screen to achieve the desired particle size distribution. | Control Point: Control particle size to meet customer requirements for dissolution and handling. Note: Use stainless steel equipment to avoid metallic contamination. |
| 8 | Final Quality Control & Packaging | Perform a full panel of QC tests on the final batch (identity, purity, assay, heavy metals). Package the approved product into sealed, airtight, and light-resistant containers. | Control Point: The final product must pass all pre-defined quality specifications before release. Note: Proper packaging ensures product stability and shelf-life. |
Technical Specifications
| CAS Number | 73-24-5 |
| Chemical Formula | C₅H₅N₅ |
| Solubility | soluble in hot water, 0.5 M HCl: 20 mg/mL |
| Storage Conditions | room temperature, <25 °C, dry, protect from light and moisture |
| Shelf Life | 24 Months |
Applications & Usage
Common Applications:
component of DNA/RNA/ATP/NAD/FAD
food/beverage additive
media supplement
probiotic prebiotic support
Mechanism of action:
| Parameter | Adenine (Vitamin B4) |
|---|---|
| Functional Category | Nucleobase; Cellular Respiration Co-factor Component (Note: Classification as a vitamin is obsolete as it is synthesized endogenously; not a standard technological food additive). |
| Key Ingredients | Adenine (6-aminopurine). |
| Mechanism of Action | Serves as a fundamental building block for nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). It is a core structural component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary molecule for intracellular energy transfer. Also forms parts of essential coenzymes (NAD, FAD) vital for redox reactions in cellular metabolism. Its function is biological, not technological within a food matrix. |
| Application Effect in Product | No direct technological effect on food matrix properties like texture, moisture retention, or shelf life. Its inclusion would be for nutritional fortification in dietary supplements or specialized foods, rather than for a functional effect on the food product itself. |
Comparison:
| Product Name | Category/Type | Key Features | Strengths (vs peers) | Weaknesses (vs peers) | Best Use Cases | Why Choose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenine (Vitamin B4) | Purine Nucleobase | A fundamental component of DNA, RNA, and ATP (cellular energy currency). | Absolutely essential for genetic information and energy transfer at the cellular level. | No longer considered a vitamin as the human body synthesizes it. Not used as a standalone supplement for general health. | It is not used as a therapeutic product; it is a fundamental building block of life. | This is not a compound one chooses to supplement; it is endogenously produced and essential for all life. |
| Choline | Essential Nutrient | Precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and a component of cell membranes (phosphatidylcholine). | Crucial for brain development, nerve signaling, and liver function. Officially recognized as an essential nutrient. | While essential, deficiency is uncommon with a balanced diet. | Supporting cognitive function, fetal brain development during pregnancy, and liver health. | To address a diagnosed deficiency or support specific neurological or hepatic functions under medical guidance. |
| Inositol | Carbohydrate (Sugar Alcohol) | Plays a structural role in cell membranes and is a secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways. | Shows therapeutic potential for managing conditions like PCOS, metabolic syndrome, and some anxiety disorders. | Not officially classified as an essential vitamin, as it can be synthesized in the body. | Supplementation for improving insulin sensitivity and for mood regulation in specific conditions. | To target issues related to insulin signaling or as a supplemental therapy for certain mood disorders. |
| PABA (Para-Aminobenzoic Acid) | Non-essential Nutrient | A chemical component of the folic acid molecule. Can block UV rays. | Effective as a topical agent in sunscreens. | Not an essential nutrient for humans; its role is primarily within bacteria for folate synthesis. Oral supplementation is uncommon. | Primarily used topically for sun protection. Historically used for some skin conditions. | For topical UV protection, not as a dietary vitamin supplement for general health. |
| Carnitine | Amino Acid Derivative | Essential for transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production. | Critical for fat metabolism and energy generation, particularly in heart and skeletal muscle. | Considered a conditionally essential nutrient; most people produce enough or get it from their diet. | Supplementation for certain genetic conditions, improving exercise performance, and heart health. | To address a specific carnitine deficiency or to support energy metabolism in athletes or individuals with certain health conditions. |
Technical Documents
Available Documentation
COA
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Yes
Certificate of Analysis (COA)
Quality assurance documentation
Technical Data Sheet
Detailed technical specifications